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In subsequent decisions, however, including in Scheidler v. The Court ruled that the racketeering activity need not have an economic motive. In this case, the National Organization for Women (N.O.W.) sought to collect damages from Operation Rescue, an anti-abortion organization. National Organization for Women (1994), the Supreme Court ruled that RICO could be used to collect damages against anti-abortion groups seeking to shut down women’s clinics. But the most controversial application has involved activity traditionally thought to be covered or protected by the First Amendment.įor example, in Scheidler v. Supreme Court considered using RICO law against organization trying to shut down abortion clinicsĪlthough the main focus and use of RICO is directed toward organized crime, it has also been applied to various white-collar crimes, such as fraud prosecutions. RICO has several civil law provisions that allow for private parties to collect damages if a violation occurs. RICO’s breadth is significant, applying to any “pattern of racketeering activity,” which is defined as having within the preceding 10 years committed two or more predicate acts - that is, such acts as mail fraud, murder, or trafficking in obscene material on which a subsequent RICO prosecution is based, or predicated.
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Actions defined as racketeering under RICO include extortion, violation of the Hobbs Act of 1948, and other crimes that may interfere with interstate commerce. In addition, the law makes it an offense to conspire to engage in any of the above activities.